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The Royal Society of Thailand ((タイ語:ราชบัณฑิตยสภา); , ), formerly known as the Royal Society of Siam, is the national academy of Thailand in charge of academic works of the government. The secretariat of the society is the Office of the Royal Society of Thailand ((タイ語:สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา); ), formerly known as the Royal Institute of Thailand ((タイ語:ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน); ). The office is an independent department in the executive branch of Thailand and is not subject to any other agency. The Royal Society of Siam was established on 19 April 1926 and was dissolved on 31 March 1933.〔 The dissolved society was split into the Royal Institute of Thailand and the Fine Arts Department of Thailand. On 14 February 2015, the Royal Institute of Thailand was reorganised. Its administrative council became the Royal Society of Thailand, whilst the institute itself became the office of the society.〔 According to the present structure, the members of the Royal Society of Thailand are of three types: associate fellows, fellows, and honorary fellows. The associate fellows are experts selected and appointed by the society. The fellows are associate fellows selected by the society and appointed by the monarch upon advice of the prime minister. And the honorary fellows are prominent experts selected by the society and appointed in the same manner as the fellows.〔 The society is widely known for its official roles in the planning and regulation of the Thai language, as well as its many publications, particularly the ''Royal Institute Dictionary'', the official and prescriptive dictionary of the Thai language, and the Royal Thai General System of Transcription, the official system for romanising Thai words. ==History== On 19 April 1926, the Royal Society of Siam was established by King Prajadhipok.〔 The society was later dissolved on 31 March 1933 and its divisions were incorporated into two new agencies. The academic divisions became the Royal Institute of Thailand. The archaeological divisions became the Fine Arts Department of Thailand. According to the ''Act on Royal Institute, Buddhist Era 2476 (1934)'', which took effect on 24 April 1933, the institute was a legal person sponsored by the government and the prime minister was in charge of the institute. The act gave the institute three main duties: to conduct research in all fields and publish the outcomes for the common good of the nation, to exchange knowledge with foreign academic bodies, and to provide academic opinions to the government and public agencies. Under the act, the institute members were selected by the institute itself and were appointed by the monarch upon approval of the cabinet and the House of Representatives. On 1 April 1942, the ''Royal Institute Act, Buddhist Era 2485 (1942)'', entered into force. The act changed the status of the institute from a legal person to a public organisation and authorised the prime minister to directly command the institute. The act also modified the method of selecting the institute members. The members were selected and nominated to the monarch by the prime minister. On 31 December 1944, the ''Royal Institute Act (No. 2), Buddhist Era 2487 (1944)'', came into operation. It again modified the institute status and the member selection method. The institute became an independent department commanded by the prime minister and its members were selected by the institute itself and were appointed by the monarch upon advice of the prime minister. On 12 March 1952, the ''Administrative Reorganisation Act, BE 2495 (1952)'', became operative. It changed the commander of the institute from the prime minister to the culture minister. On 1 September 1958, the ''Administrative Reorganisation Act (No. 6), BE 2501 (1958)'', became effective. It again changed the commander of the institute from the culture minister to the education minister. On 29 September 1972, Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn, leader of the junta called ''Revolutionary Council'', issued the Revolutionary Council Announcement No. 216 which once again modified the status of the institute. According to the announcement, the institute changed its status from an independent department to a government department which was not subject to any other agency and was commanded by the education minister. On 13 November 2001, the ''Royal Institute Act, BE 2544 (2001)'', entered into operation. Under the act, the institute was a government department which was not subject to any other agency. The act also improved the structure of the institute and increased its missions. On 14 February 2015, the ''Royal Society Act, BE 2558 (2015)'', came into force and reorganised the institute. Under the act, the administrative council of the institute, then known as Council of Fellows (สภาราชบัณฑิต), became the Royal Society, and the institute became the secretariat of the society, known as the Office of the Royal Society. The act granted many new powers to the office, including the powers to manage its own budgets, to provide advanced training in all fields of the society, and to confer certificates upon the trainees. A welfare fund for the society members was also established by the act. Many of the fellows objected to renaming the institute because no public hearing on the matter was held. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Royal Society of Thailand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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